The Science Behind Sunburns

Sunburns occur when ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun damage your skin cells' DNA. This triggers an inflammatory response, causing redness, pain, and sometimes peeling. Melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color, acts as a natural sunscreen but can be overwhelmed by excessive UV exposure. Understanding this process is key to effective sun protection.

Your Body's Response to Sun Damage

When your skin detects DNA damage from UV rays, it initiates a complex healing process. Blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow to the affected area, causing the characteristic redness. Pain receptors are activated, and the immune system sends inflammatory cells to repair the damage. This reaction can continue for hours after sun exposure, explaining why sunburns often worsen over time.

Protecting Yourself from Harmful UV Rays

Prevention is crucial in avoiding sunburn and long-term skin damage. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30, reapplying every two hours or after swimming. Wear protective clothing, seek shade during peak sun hours (10 AM to 4 PM), and don't forget often-overlooked areas like ears and feet. Remember, even on cloudy days, UV rays can penetrate the atmosphere and cause damage, so make sun protection a year-round habit.

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